ArcMap Standard Toolbar

New

Closes (prompts to save) the current MXD and launches a new, blank version.

Open

Opens a window to find and launch a saved MXD.
Note: This does NOT add data to the current map session. That is accomplished with “Add Data”

Save

Saves the current MXD. Launches a window to designate a name and a place if the MXD had not been saved previously. Simply overwrites for all subsequent saves.

Print

Prints the current view, either what is seen in the current extent of Data View or the layout if in Layout View.

Cut

Cuts the currently selected feature.
In an edit session in Data View, this will cut the feature (which can then be copied or pasted in another layer).
In Layout View, this will cut the map element.

Copy

Copies a selected feature.
In an edit session in Data View, this will copy a selected feature.
In Layout View, this will copy a selected map element.

Paste

Pastes a selected feature.
In an edit session in Data View, this will paste a selected feature which has been cut or copied from one layer to another. For example, if you digitized a building in a forest layer, instead of re-digitizing it, the feature can be cut and pasted from the incorrect and into the correct layer.

Delete

Deletes the currently selected item.
In an edit session in Data View, this will delete a selected feature. This accomplishes the same thing as the delete feature in an attribute table, but is not limited to only that specific layer. Works well when used with Interactive Selection.
In Layout View, this will delete a selected map element.

Undo

Undoes whatever action was just taken.
Note: Will not work in an edit session if the edits had already been saved.
Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl + Z

Redo

Redoes the last action taken.
Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl + Y

Add Data

Opens the ‘Add Data’ Dialog box for adding data of all types to ArcMap

Double-click to open items that house other items, such as a folder or feature datset. You will know what items are data and what items are “containers” for other data based upon the icon Review File Icons Windows keyboard commands such as control click and shift click to select multiple items or lists of items, respectively, work in ArcGIS

Add Basemap...

Opens the dialog box to add one of twelve basemaps from ArcGIS Online. 

These maps are streaming over the internet, thus the speed of drawing will be based upon your internet speed.  These basemaps are in WGS 84 Web Mercator, and unless your project is in the same projection, take care when digitizing and georeferencing data to streaming basemaps. You may be effecting you overall accuracy and precision.

Add Data from ArcGIS Online

Click the Add button to add the layer to your MXD When you add the data to your computer, it’s saving it in a temporary location. You should first export the data (selected if you only need a portion) before completing any editing or geoprocessing/analysis.

Map Scale

Shows and sets the scale for the active data frame. Scales can be typed into the box (you can skip the “1:”) and set with the enter key or the dropdown can be used to select a pre-set scale level (or set a custom level)

Editor Toolbar

The editor toolbar button toggles the Editor toolbar on and off.
Note: You can also toggle the toolbar with the Customize menu --> Toolbars and clicking the ‘Editor’ name.

Table of Contents

Toggles the Table of Contents on and off. If the Table of Contents was closed, use this button to get it back.

Catalog Window

Toggles the Catalog window on and off. If the Catalog window was closed, use this button to get it back.

Search Window

Toggles the Search window on and off. If the Search window was closed, use this button to get it back.

ArcToolbox

Toggles the ArcToolbox window on and off. If the ArcToolbox was closed, use this button to get it back.

Python Window

Opens the Python window to enter and run commands.

Model Builder

Opens the Model Builder window to build, edit, save, and run models.